ahiraan

First UN Conference on Human Environment — Birth of global environmental movement. UNEP established

Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act passed. Schedules I–VI for protection levels. Wildlife sanctuaries & national parks

India launches Project Tiger — currently 53 tiger reserves. Tiger numbers tripled from 1,411 (2006) to 3,167 (2022)

Framework convention for protection of ozone layer. Led to Montreal Protocol 1987 to phase out CFCs

Umbrella legislation post-Bhopal disaster (1984). Empowers Centre to protect & improve environment

UNCED Rio — CBD, UNFCCC, Agenda 21 born. Sustainable Development concept popularized globally

First binding climate treaty — developed nations to reduce GHG by 5% from 1990 levels. India signed but no binding cuts

Limit warming to 1.5°C above pre-industrial. India’s NDC — 33-35% emission intensity cut by 2030. Net Zero by 2070

India announced 5 commitments — 500 GW non-fossil energy by 2030, 50% renewable energy, Net Zero by 2070

COP29 — Climate finance focus. India’s Mission LiFE — Lifestyle for Environment, individual action focus